The MGF peptide and studies related to bone will be the focus of today’s article. If you are interested in this topic and want to know more about the potential of MGF peptide, look no further.
Mechano Growth Factor (MGF) is a naturally occurring, endogenous peptide that is related to IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1) [ii]. MGF’s structural composition includes 49 base pairs at exon 5, creating a frameshift that may account for its distinct behaviors [i]. This is what sets MGF apart from systemic IGF-1. IGF-1 has many different isoforms, and MGF, also known as IGF-1Ec [iii], is one among them.
Three isoforms of IGF-1 are considered to be generated by alternative splicing or transcription. Splicing of IGF-1 occurs in response to stress, such as that experienced during resistance exercise [iv]. This splicing, together with the different 49-base-pair insert introduced to the peptide, might generate a mature isoform of IGF-1, namely endogenous MGF [iv].
MGF Peptide Overview
Researchers studying IGF-1 were the ones who originally hypothesized the possibility of splicing and isoform formation. The researchers suggested that the amino acid sequence at the COOH terminus was the only distinguishing feature between the three isoforms. Only in the late 1990s and early 2000s did researchers hypothesize that a spike in IGF-1Ec levels in response to muscle damage might make this growth factor unique [v].
MGF-Ct24E peptide [vi] is a synthetic MGF peptide consisting of 24 amino acids fused to the C-terminus of an isolated MGF domain. Research conducted in the early 2000s [vi] suggested that the MGF-Ct24E peptide might exhibit some potential to stimulate the growth of muscle progenitor cells. Myofiber is considered by scientists to contains satellite cells (muscle precursor cells) which may divide and multiply to create new muscle.
The mechanism of action of MGF peptide, both naturally occurring and synthetically generated, is still the subject of ongoing research. Here is a rundown of some of the tested hypotheses:
- It may aid with intervention in strained muscles
- It may be an agent for better healing of bone and tissue injuries
- It may be an aid in wound healing
- It may have neuroprotective action
- It may have cardioprotective action
- It may be able to reduce apoptosis (cell death) in muscle
MGF Peptide Research and Clinical Investigations
MGF Peptide and Muscle
The primary purpose of this investigation [vii] was to examine how the synthetic MGF peptide MGF-24aa-E may have impacted several types of aged cells. In this experiment, cells from muscles of varying ages, from neonatal to mature, were cultured and compared. After MGF-24aa-E was given to the cultures, the cell cultures were examined. The data suggested cell proliferation may have occurred in all newborns to young cells extracted but not in the cells separated from older subjects. There was an apparent increase in muscle hypertrophy in older cells and a marked reduction in reserve cells.
Evaluation of MGF’s potential on skeletal muscle damage repair and healing was the primary objective of a separate investigation [viii]. Mice were used in this investigation, and muscle trauma and exhaustion were artificially caused. This group was given Mechano Growth Factor. Researchers suggested that MGF may have decreased the expressions of inflammatory components such cytokines and chemokines, as well as stress factors, based on their examination of muscle tissues. Consequently, muscle contusions seemed to decrease, which might lead to permanent muscle healing after injury.
MGF Peptide and Apoptosis
This investigation’s primary objective [ix] was to examine the potential impact of MGF on cardiac muscles experiencing apoptosis due to hypoxia. Cellular apoptosis was generated in rats by experimental induction of hypoxia with just 1% oxygen supply. As research results suggested, the peptide seemed to cause greater migration of stem cells to the heart, leading to possible suppression of apoptosis. These data suggested that cellular damage was possibly reduced after 2 weeks of MGF biological activity, and stem cell counts were increased.
MGF Peptide and Bone
The primary objective of this investigation [x] was to assess the potential of MGF on skeletal damage. In this study, 27 rabbits were artificially generated with a 5-mm bone defect and then randomly assigned to one of three groups to be presented with either MGF or a placebo for 5 days. Histological examination of the tissues post-trial suggested that the placebo group’s tissue seemed the least recovered, while the MGF group’s tissue appeared the most healed.
MGF Peptide and Brain
A 2005 research [xi] looked at the potential of MGF peptides in mitigating the impact of ischemic stroke. Experimental trials on gerbil rats with brain ischemia were used to examine the potential. These rats were given a synthetic peptide based on mechano growth factor to witness any possible reduction in the action of ischemia. The researchers hypothesized that MGF may be associated with better brain cell protection. In the same animal, ischemia appeared to exhibit increased endogenous MGF synthesis in the ischemia-resistant neurons. Additional research was conducted by adding MGF to a culture of degenerating hippocampal cells. Reportedly comparable action on muscle growth seemed to occur once MGF was presented in the test cells.
MGF Peptide and Neurons
Mice were used in several experiments [xii] in which the MGF levels in their bodies were artificially elevated to examine the potential of high MGF concentrations on brain cells. In one experiment, mice were bred to have an increased rate of MGF production in the hippocampus. The hippocampus is considered by the scientific community to play a role in controlling the process of neurogenesis. High levels of BrdU, a biological marker for proliferative activity, was suggested by researchers to be caused by an excess of MGF.
In independent research, mice were developed to produce MGF conditionally at 1, 3, and 12 months. After 2 years, both behavioral and physiological responses were analyzed. The BrdU and neurogenesis levels in these mice was reported by the researchers to be much higher than average.
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